A discovery that rewrites the history of viticulture in the Western Mediterranean has been unearthed at Cabras, in Sardinia. A team of archaeologists, archaeobotanists, the from University of Cagliari’s Biodiversity Conservation Centre (CCB), led by Professor Gianluigi Bacchetta has discovered grape vine seeds dating back to the Nuragica civilization, in a food storage well that served as a ‘refrigerator’ in a dolmen near Cabras.
Radiocarbon dating of the Vernaccia and Malvasia seeds puts the find at 3000 years old and it is significant because it proves that the he cultivation of wine was already taking place in Sardinia in the Bronze Age and was not imported by the Phoenicians as was previously thought.
Until know, we believed that viticulture was developed by the Phoenicians and brought to Sardinia when they colonised the island in 800 BC. The Romans adopted the Phoenician practices and with the spread of the Roman Empire, so they plant vines and spread the practices of winemaking.
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“To say that viticulture in the West was born in the Island would be an exaggeration” – Professor Bacchetta told La Repubblica, “and would not be supportable based on current scientific evidence. What is certain, though, is that the vines in Sardinia were not brought by the Phoenicians, we know that Lebanon already cultivated even before the time of the Nuragica. The vines are not an effect of import; therefore, we think that in Sardinia there has been what we call ‘domestication’ of on site species of wild vine, which are still widespread throughout the island. It must be realized, however, that the Nuragica people were very active in trade and had contact with other civilizations, such as on Crete and Cyprus, who cultivated the vine.”
These seeds, however, have more than a purely historical value, they are perfectly intact and can be used to enhance the island’s doc wine production. These seeds can be used to restore the genetic qualities of these indigenous wine varieties that are currently under threat of disappearance. It may be that Sardinia reaches into its past to find its future. For a house of Italian wine production keep and eye on Sardinia.