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BioNET
|
the
global
network
for
taxonomy
___________________________________
This
content
is
published
under
Creative
Commons
Attribution
‐
Noncommercial
license:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by
‐
nc/3.0/
Case
study
con
tributors
retain
full
right
to
their
material.
However,
by
sharing
this
material
through
BioNET
‐
INTERNATIONAL,
they
agree
that
it
may
be
used
freely,
but
only
for
non
‐
commercial
purposes
and
not
for
financial
gain.
Please
acknowledge
individual
authors
and
BioNET
‐
INTERNATIONAL.
why
taxonomy matters
Taxonomy
‐
the
science
of
discovering,
naming,
and
understanding
our
fellow
travellers
on
Earth
‐
not
only
produces
fascinating
knowledge
on
the
characteristics
of
life,
above
all
it
delivers
basic
and
indispensible
knowledge
for
many
fields
of
human
interest
and
contributes
in
many
ways
to
the
sustainability
of
our
planet.
It
helps
us
polli
nate
our
trees,
manage
pests,
improve
human,
animal
and
plant
health,
facilitate
trade,
respond
to
climate
change,
conserve
our
environment,
and
more.
From
our
earliest
time
as
a
species,
knowledge
on
the
life
surrounding
us
was
essential
for
our
survival.
We
needed
to
discover
and
name
the
plants
we
could
eat,
identify
the
po
isonous
ones,
and
distinguish
the
harmful
animals
from
those
we
benefit
from.
Today,
we
still
depend
on
our
knowledge
on
the
living
world
around
us.
The
origins
of
taxonomy
lie
in
the
18th
century
when
Linnaeus
developed
his
famous
naming
system.
His
students
and
their
successors
have
devoted
lifetimes
to
col
lecting
specimens
and
poring
through
literature
up
to
250
years
old
in
their
quest
to
name
and
describe
species.
At
fi
rst
glance,
the
outcomes
of
their
work
may
not
look
relevant
to
society.
In
fact,
taxonomists
are
often
perceived
as
specialists
pursuing
eccentric
interests
relevant
only
to
natural
history
museums
an
d
universities.
Some
ask:
is
this
a
science
that
is
needed
in
the
21st
century?
We
say
it
is.
Taxonomy
does
matter.
It
is
very
relevant
to
today’s
challenges.
Whether
you
live
in
the
centre
of
London,
the
outskirts
of
Timbuktu,
or
in
a
high
mountain
valley
in
Nep
al,
taxonomic
knowledge
can
improve
and,
at
times,
even
save
your
life.
Taxonomy
is
the
pivotal
but
hidden
service
behind
sectors
ranging
from
conserving
and
managing
biodiversity
to
food
security,
poverty
reduction,
health,
bio
‐
security,
new
industrial
product
development,
and
eco
‐
tourism.
Trained
taxonomists
identify
the
known
organisms
we
are
dealing
with
in
ou
r
daily
life
and
describe,
classify
and
name
the
unknown
ones
–
and
collectively
discover
on
average
50
living
species
each
day!
Taxonomy
and
the
work
of
taxonomists
should
not
be
underestimated.
Its
impacts
on
society
are
often
bene
fi
cial,
sometimes
in
unpredictable
ways.
Did
you
know
that
the
work
of
taxonomists
has
improved
Namibian
ro
ads
and
ensures
the
safety
of
Chinese
medicine?
In
this
series
of
case
studies
we
see
‘Why
Taxonomy
Matters’.
We
see
how
taxonomic
knowledge
is
applied
around
to
the
world
to
save
LIVES,
save
CROPS,
save
HABITATS,
save
SPECIES,
save
MONEY
and
more…
Introduction
by
Elizabeth
Wa
tson,
Richard
Smith
and
Kornelia
Rassmann
Suggested
citation:
R.
Smith
1
,
K.
Rassmann,
H.
Davies
and
N.
King,
(eds.),
2011.
Why
Taxonomy
Matters.
http://www.bionet
‐
intl.org/why.
BioNET
‐
INTERNATIONAL,
Egham,
UK.
(Accessed
[dd/mm/yy]).
1
contact
email:
rdsmith27@yahoo.co.uk
why taxonomy matters
|
Case
studies
on
the
relevance
of
taxonomy
to
society
bionet@bionet
‐
intl.org
|
www.bionet
‐
intl.org
page
2
|
51
Table
of
Content
Case
Study
1:
Epidemiology
of
amoebiasis:
an
age
‐
old
problem
solved
by
taxonomy
4
Case
Study
2:
Description
of
a
new
mealybug
species
saves
US$
billions
across
Africa
5
Case
Study
3:
Authentication
of
Chinese
plants
helps
deliver
safe
medicine
6
Case
Study
4:
Significant
economic
losses
prevented
by
access
to
local
taxonomic
information
and
expertise
7
Case
Study
5:
Taxonomic
tools
allow
rapid
problem
‐
solving
by
non
‐
specialists
8
Case
Study
6:
Use
of
taxonomy
for
quarantine
pest
detection
allows
for
effective
bilateral
trade
9
Case
Study
7:
Taxonomic
expertise
and
tools
underpin
alien
species
monitoring,
saving
unnecessary
control
programmes
and
expense
10
Case
Study
8:
Correct
identification
of
fungus
saves
$5
billion/year
US
wheat
export
market
11
Case
Study
9:
Lack
of
taxonomic
expertise
results
in
extended
loss
of
coffee
crops
12
Case
Study
10:
Correct
identification
of
pest
prevents
mango
crop
destruction
and
saves
millions
13
Case
Study
11:
The
critical
role
of
taxonomy
in
preventing
harmful
micro
‐
algae
impacting
tourism,
human
health,
fisheries
and
aquaculture
14
Case
Study
12:
Proactive
taxonomy
allows
prevention
of
damaging
viral
epidemic
in
crops
15
Case
Study
13:
Taxonomic
surveys
could
prevent
costly
and
non
‐
sustainable
nematode
control
programme
16
Case
Study
14:
The
Oil
Palm
pollination
mystery
and
the
$370million/year
yield
increase
17
Case
Study
15:
Responding
to
suspected
incursions
of
fruit
flies
and
other
exotic
pests
18
Case
Study
16:
Economic,
social,
water
and
biodiversity
benefits
from
invasive
alien
species
management
19
Case
Study
17:
Timely
identification
of
water
weed
indicates
there
is
no
need
for
a
costly
control
programme
20
Case
Study
18:
Early
identification
of
a
new
invasive
pest
brings
cost
/
benefit
ratio
of
at
least
1:50
and
billions
of
dollars
in
savings
to
Africa
21
Case
Study
19:
Significant
cost
savings
in
road
maintenance
result
from
comprehensive
taxonomic
surveys
22
Case
Study
20:
Incorrect
identification
of
termite
threat
costs
hundreds
of
thousands
of
dollars
23
Case
Study
21:
Access
to
expertise
and
sharing
of
experience
controls
invasive
species
while
avoiding
destructive
and
costly
pesticide
use
24
Case
Study
22:
Major
biocontrol
agent
of
invasive
water
weed
(
Salvinia
molesta
)
nearly
missed
25
Case
Study
23:
Correct
identification
of
disease
‐
carrying
insects
allow
targeted
control
programmes
for
yellow
fever,
filariasis,
dengue
and
malaria
26
Case
Study
24:
Use
of
taxonomy
leads
to
criminal
convictions
27
Case
Study
25:
Identification
of
marine
hotspot
allows
for
protection
of
biodiversity
and
spawning
ground
for
fishing
industry
28
Case
Study
26:
Biodiversity
and
waterways
win
in
a
weevil’s
battle
against
Azolla
29
Case
Study
27:
Cabbages,
kales
and
the
Diamondback
30
Case
Study
28:
Biocontrol
of
a
red
scale
boosts
citrus
industry
in
North
America
31
Case
Study
29:
Food
scare
or
scientific
fascination?
Larval
tapeworms
in
the
flesh
of
fishes
32
Case
Study
30:
Lack
of
local
information
on
native
species
allows
major
pest
slugs
and
snails
to
become
established
in
Sri
Lanka
33
Case
Study
31:
A
review
of
Verticillium
taxonomy
gains
market
access
for
New
Zealand
buttercup
squash
34
Case
Study
32:
Resolving
the
paradox
of
the
alien
termite
pest
species
from
Southeast
Asia
35