he potential for loss of life and assets from landslides is increasing in many mountainous and hilly
areas of Asia. Logging, residential and infrastructure development and other activities continue to
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expand on slopes with high risk of landslides
. Excessive soil water content is the primary cause of
slope failure while steep slopes, weak soils, or topography that concentrates water are the main
factors contributing to landslide risk. Poorly constructed roads and the loss of soil reinforcement
and water extraction by tree roots increase
s the probability of landslides during triggering events
such as prolonged heavy rainfall or earthquakes. Climate change predictions suggest that landslide
frequency will increase in some areas of Asia as the frequency of extreme storms increases.
Drought may also affect some areas resulting in root dieback, pest and disease outbreaks and
wildfire – all of which are likely to reduce soil root reinforcement and increase landslide incidence.
Scientific studies confirm the crucial role of trees and forests in preventing landslides, not only by
reinforcing and drying soils but also in directly obstructing smaller slides and rock falls. The role of
trees and forests in relation to deep seated landslides is considerably less although soil drying by
tree roots can still help avoid excessive soil water pressures. During extreme events, involving
copious rainfall, very weak slopes or seismic activity, forest cover is unlikely to have any effect.
Policies encouraging land uses which reduce soil disturbance and retain a high degree of forest
cover can, however, reduce landslide risk. Tree planting on susceptible slopes can also reduce risk
while natural regeneration and tree planting on failed slopes can help control landslide after effects
such sediment release into rivers. Fast growing trees and shrubs are best suited but socio-economic
and conservation related factors should also be considered. Above all, however, identifying and
mapping high landslide risk zones and avoiding activity within these areas is an essential step in
reducing risk posed to life and assets by landslide